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Mangifera indica, commonly known as the mango after its fruit, is an evergreen species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height and width of . There are two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoesthe "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".
Yellow-white fragrant flowers appear at the end of winter through the beginning of spring, varying with location. Both male and female flowers are borne on the same tree. Climatic conditions have a significant influence on the time of flowering. In India, flowering starts in December in the south, in January in Bengal, in February in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and in February–March in northern India. The duration of flowering is 20–25 days for the Dasheri variety, while panicle emergence occurs in early December and flower opening is completed by February. The Neelum variety produces two crops a year in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, but it flowers only once in North Indian conditions. Flowering of mango
The mango is an irregular, egg-shaped fruit which is a fleshy drupe. Mangos are typically long and greenish yellow in color. The fruits can be round, oval, heart, or kidney shaped. Mango fruits are green when they are unripe. The interior flesh is bright orange and soft with a large, flat pit in the middle. Mangos are mature in April and May. Raw mangos can be used in the making of Indian pickle and chutneys. Ripe mangos are a popular fruit throughout the world. The skin and pulp account for 85% of the mango's weight, and the remaining 15% comes from the stone (seed). SEA Hand Book 2009, Solvent Extractors' Association Of India
The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.
Its broader native range extends from PakistanPDF Morphological and physico-chemical diversity in some indigenous mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm of Pakistan. to MalesiaConservation and Commercial Development of Mangifera
Species (Wild Mangos) in Florida in subtropical and tropical climates.
The tree grows best in well-drained sandy loam; it does not grow well in heavy wet soils. The optimal Soil pH should be between 5.2 and 7.5.
The wood is known to produce phenol that can cause contact dermatitis.
The bark is used to produce a yellow dye.
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Chemistry
Mangiferin (a pharmacologically active hydroxylated xanthone C-glycoside) is extracted from mango at high concentrations from the young leaves (172 g/kg), bark (107 g/kg), and from old leaves (94 g/kg). Allergenic are present in the fruit peel.
target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> Urushiol CASRN: 53237-59-5 TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network) NLM (NIH). Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Taxonomy
Mangoes are believed to have originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, eastern and northeastern India. M. indica were domesticated separately in India and Southeast Asia over centuries, resulting in two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoesthe "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".
Distribution and habitat
Since their domestication in southeastern Asia, mangoes have been introduced to other warm regions of the world. Generally, mango trees can withstand a minimum temperature of .
Cultivation
Toxicity
Urushiols in the fruit peel can trigger contact dermatitis in sensitised individuals. This reaction is more likely to occur in people who have been exposed to other plants from the family Anacardiaceae, such as poison oak and poison ivy, which are widespread in the United States.
Uses
The tree is more known for its fruit rather than for its timber. However, mango trees can be converted to lumber once their fruit-bearing lifespan has finished. The wood is susceptible to damage from fungi and insects. The wood is used for musical instruments such as , plywood and low-cost furniture.
Culture
The mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, and is the national tree of Bangladesh.
Further reading
External links
Categories: Indica, Plants Described In 1753, Botanical Taxa Named By Carl Linnaeus, Flora Of Assam, Flora Of Myanmar, National Symbols Of India, National Symbols Of Pakistan, National Symbols Of Bangladesh, Flora Of Maharashtra, Fruit Trees, Trees In Buddhism, Symbols Of Gujarat, Symbols Of Maharashtra
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